Friday, December 27, 2019

Picasso And River Conversations Across Time - 1289 Words

Pablo Picasso and Diego Rivera were friends, rivals, and two of the most influential artists working in the early 20th century. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) in their exhibit â€Å"Picasso Rivera: Conversations Across Time† examines the relationship between these two frenemies through five thematic sections, and is a breathtaking example of just how much artists can influence each other while still creating their own distinct pieces that would define an era. The way that the exhibit is presented by co-curators Diana Magaloni, the deputy director of the Program for the Art of the Ancient Americas at LACMA, and Michael Govan, LACMA CEO and Wallis Annenberg Director, is an excellent format for the novice gallery observer. Following†¦show more content†¦Even at such a young age, both are prime examples of what would later be their defining archetypes as Picasso the romantic, whose drawing has a clear focus on the female figure, and Rivera the anti-imperialist, whose sculpture is toppled over in perhaps protest of the classicism present in the era. Their paths crossed for the first time at the start of World War One, in 1914, both as non-combatant artists in Paris. Picasso, then 28, had been living in Paris for years while Rivera, then 23, was just starting to make a name for himself and had come to Europe to further develop his art. The two became quick friends, talking all night about the future of art on the night they met; and ironically, would later both change the future of art and would be at the forefront of the Cubist movement. One year after their initial meeting, the famous rivalry between the two artists emerges. Both artists became active participants in the avant-garde movement, and started creating Cubist works. The exhibit follows this transition, leading viewers to the main attraction: the quintessential Cubist room. Featuring perhaps one of the best representations of the similarities between the two artists, Picasso’s â€Å"The Poet† (1912) and Rivera’s â€Å"Sailor at Lunch,† (191 4) the room shows the beginning stages of the experimentation for both of the artists.Show MoreRelatedArt Appreciation 2 - Research an Artist - Diego Rivera1666 Words   |  7 Pagesartist’s early experiences as an artist? Rivera spent much of his early years going back and forth between Spain and Paris with his artist friends. He became interested in cubism shortly before World War I and even had a lengthy conversation with Picasso regarding cubism and his recent works. (Wikipedia) 4. What were the significant early works of art and what were they like? Rivera’s first known works were La Era and La Castaňeda, both oil on canvas. La Era was a landscape showingRead MoreShort Story7933 Words   |  32 PagesJones signed the three forms, then he turned the check over to Karen. Before leaving his office, Karen requested to see Danny and James on her next visit. Warden Jones wrote down the request. Karen strolled over to the elevator, it came faster this time. No sooner had the elevators doors closed and moved between the fourth and third floor when the riot alarm sounded. The guard in the main camera station that is located on the first floor, which could see view everything on all the floors soundedRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagescomments, and useful suggestions. Finally, the authors thank V. Baba, who is the source of inspiration for this article. For orchestrating many beautiful experiences in museums around the world, this one’s for you! more 1999; Schmitt 1999), so it is time for consumer researchers to revisit Kant’s question, â€Å"How is experience possible?† In deï ¬ ning the noun experience as â€Å"the apprehension of an object or emotion through the senses or mind† and the verb to experience as â€Å"to participate in personally;Read MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagescomments, and useful suggestions. Finally, the authors thank V. Baba, who is the source of inspiration for this article. For orchestrating many beautiful experiences in museums around the world, this one’s for you! more 1999; Schmitt 1999), so it is time for consumer researchers to revisit Kant’s question, â€Å"How is experience possible?† In deï ¬ ning the noun experience as â€Å"the apprehension of an object or emotion through the senses or mind† and the verb to experience as â€Å"to participate in personally;Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespage intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor:

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Effects of Urban Crime on the Urban Environment - 3791 Words

EFFECTS OF URBAN CRIME ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Technical Paper by: Ms. Adit Padhi (aditipadhi@gmail.com) â€Å"Greater concern about terrorism places new opportunities before the design community. If protection is considered from the outset, design can make buildings and people safer.†1 Introduction Violent crime was the issue of the nineties, while terrorism has become the talk at the onset of 21st century. Understanding crime prevention design is therefore an invaluable tool in organization and maintenance of order in our societies. Planner and sociologist Duncan describes â€Å" a social problem as a recurrent condition that has been defined by influential groups as a deviation from social standards.†2 When a social deviance exceeds group†¦show more content†¦6 REQUIREMENTS FOR CRIME FREE HOUSING: 1. Moderate locking system, provided the opportunity for crime is reduced by design. 2. Facing windows: The houses should face each other across the street or similar shared access area , to create a system of mutual surveillance. (Fig 1.1) 3. High fences at the sides and rear, boundaries of individual housing plots. 4. Front access to a secure yard, by providing a gateway to the front of the house. The gateway should be lockable and easily supervised from inside. 5. Access for servicing and delivering. It is desirable to provide such a space by the front door, but out of sight from the public footpath 6. Space at the front acting as transition zones. (Fig 1.2) 7. All car parking should be on the hard standings within he curtilage of the house, preferably at the front to facilitate surveillance. (Fig 1.3) 8. A garages at the side of the road close to the front entrance. (Fig 1.4) 9. Limit road access to an area as it reduces traffic. (Fig 1.5) 10. Avoid through pedestrian routes. Where pedestrian routes are separate from the roadways, they should not be planned to create a series of through routes. (Fig 1.6) 11. Houses should be oriented to face access routes and especially to focus on the entry points to provide intensive surveillance. (Fig 1.7) 12. Green spaces outside housing areas, and provided near the entrances. (Fig 1.8) Literature Review:Show MoreRelatedPoverty and Crime (Sociology)1600 Words   |  7 Pagesand Crime A social issue that has always intrigued me was crime (petty crime, violent crime, etc) in impoverished urban areas and the social and economic impact that crime causes in these areas. Before conducting my research into this topic, I have always pondered why crime and poverty are so closely related. Are these two so closely linked solely because of the lack of income in the area? Or are there some other unknown or unexplained reasons that influence crime in impoverished urban areasRead MoreThe Social Of Crime And Criminal Behavior882 Words   |  4 Pagescertain neighborhoods or environments have on crime has been observed and studied throughout the last two centuries. Many theories, such as the social disintegration theory, have been hypothesized to explain the effects of certain neighborhoods on crime. In addition, other theories have been presented, such as the collective efficacy theory, which serve to explain the reasons for reduced crime in other neighborhoods while presenting possible solutions to solve the problem of crime in society. This paperRead MoreThe Effects Of Raising Children On An Urban Environment1500 Words   |  6 Pages10/24/2014 The Effect of Raising Children in an Urban Environment versus Agrarian Environment Many parents ask themselves a question whether there is a difference in raising their children in urban or rural areas. And therefore, what are the advantages and disadvantages of rural and urban environment. The life quality is one of the major factors to consider while comparing rural and urban living. That is why the main task to be made when talking about advantages and disadvantages of urban versus ruralRead MoreThe Integration Of Public Art1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe integration of public art in urban cities has long been a beneficial tool in modifying the way urban life is lived. Art has the power to provoke thought and change, spark controversy, and even prevent crime. Philadelphia has exemplified the dominance of art in an urban city through murals, statues, and various other forms of art. The matter in which these works of art are placed throughout the city contributes greatly to the reception by the public. The presence of artwork in various places givesRead MoreEconom ic Development in Urban Areas Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic Development in Urban Areas Economic change has helped lead America into urban crisis for the following reasons. First of all, because urban problems are no longer confined to the inner city, but are regional in nature. The federal government has, also, largely drawn from the urban policy arena, thereby having cities and sates to develop their own solutions to local problems. Furthermore, the economy of cities is no longer organized around a central business district, but is dispersedRead MoreCape Town Is South Africa1659 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica’s oldest city and is closely behind Johannesburg as the nations largest city. This capital city is known for is breathtaking landscapes and vibrant culture. However, Cape Town is home to a conflicted history in which is still evident in it’s urban fabric today. Apartheid, South Africa’s system of racial segregation created an immense divide in the populations of Cape Town. Not only was this divide social, but it was physical as well. Communiti es were segregated by race into varying townshipsRead MoreEssay about Asdfsdfasdfa964 Words   |  4 PagesThe film â€Å"Maria Full of Grace† contained many aspects related to global planning issues in areas such as neighborhoods and cities, personal space, and immigration. The film demonstrated the effects of social networking in urban environments and the effects it has on personal space. Survival in urban space such as in cities and neighborhoods is revealed within the film along with the importance of recognizable space. As depicted in the film, immigration and social support can be closely related inRead MoreMigration Of People From Rural Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal migration of people from rural to urban places, which is considered to be the most significant form of migration. Migration of people is considered to be a choice or force of movement. This movement has many consequences at a level of the individual and the country as a while itself. (National G eographic Xpeditions, 2005) Populations in cities continue to grow through the migration of people from diverse locations. It has become more evident that urban places are more desirable compared toRead MoreUrban Environment Is The Natural, Built And Institutional Elements Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesUrban Environment is the natural, built and institutional elements that determine the physical, mental and social health and wellbeing of people who live in cities and towns. The urban environment is more than a physically defined entity. It includes the environmental and ecological context, psycho-social structures and supports, and patterns of migration as well as all aspects of the geography and politics of cities. Hence, governance arrangements, cultural identities and related activities, housingRead MoreAbstract. This Memoir Employed A Mixed Methods Design To1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe juvenile system, then the pathway to reformation after the aftermath is evident. An essential classification emerged that clarifies the agent of social change affecting offenders stem from recognized differences of post-colonial colorism and its effect on the population of adults and children in Haiti. Moreover, it is further postulated that the juvenile’s long-term success is based on the officials commitment to the juvenile’s family, the juvenile’s judges ability to help the family build a

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Demand and Supply of Corn Market-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Draw a suitable corn market and an individual farmer demand and supply diagrams to illustrate the initial situation in the corn market where all farmers are earning normal profit. 2.Examine and explain the effects on price and quantity of the corn market as well as the profit and output of the individual corn farmer in the short run. Support your answers with a suitable firm and market diagram. 3.What will happen to your answers in (b) in the long run? Explain with a suitable firm and market diagram. Answers: 1.It is apparent that the given corn market is a perfectly competitive market where there are number of small sellers who are essentially price takers. Also, the number of buyers is also large. The requisite graph for normal profits is indicated below (Mankiw, 2014). It is apparent from the graph on the left which highlights the corn industry dynamics where based on the industry demand and industry supply the equilibrium price Pe has been decided. The individual farmers would have to sell their corn at the same price. Since the price charged is higher than the ATC at the point of intersection of MR=MC, hence there is an economic profit made which is the shaded area. The above represents the case of profit maximisation in case of a perfectly competitive market (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). 2.Based on the efforts of the government and also the research report, there would be an increase in the demand for corn but the short term supply would remain constant. As a result , the market price would increase in the short term and hence the farmers would earn higher profits. The requisite diagram for the same is indicated below (Mankiw, 2014). It is apparent that the demand curve shifts on the right leading to increase in price from P1 to P2. As a result of increased price, supernormal profits are realised by the farmers which is indicated in the form of the shaded area which has increased and occupied area between P1 and P2 (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). 3.In a perfect competition, there are no entry barriers. As a result, owing to the incentive in the form of supernormal profits from corn, more farmers would start producing corn which would lead to a higher supply and in the long run, the economic profit earned from corn by the farmers would be zero (Mankiw, 2014). This is indicated in the following diagram. It is apparent that in response to the increased demand, the supply has increased which causes a lowering to price. The price eventually leads to a point where the ATC = Price as indicated. At this point no economic profit is made and the market enters a equilibrium (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). References Mankiw, G. (2014), Microeconomics (6th ed.), London: Worth Publishers Nicholson, W. Snyder, C. (2011), Fundamentals of Microeconomics (11th ed.), New York: Cengage Learning

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

What Is WordCamp Everything You Need to Know, Plus Tips for Attending

It’s easy to get so wrapped up in your own website or development work that you forget about the wider world of WordPress. As a community-maintained and supported platform, WordPress relies on collaboration between the many people who use it. There’s no better way to see this in action for yourself than to attend a WordCamp.WordCamps are offline events lasting one or more days, which bring WordPress users of all types together. They offer presentations, social gatherings, hands-on workshops, and much more. A WordCamp is the perfect way to learn more about the platform, make connections, and find new opportunities. What is WordCamp? An introductionIf you want to learn about WordPress, there are a lot of ways to do so. You can check out the official Codex, take a dedicated course, and read blogs like ours – just as a starting point. These are all excellent options, but what if you’re looking for something a little more social and hands-on?The answer is simpl e: you can head out to one of the many upcoming WordCamps. These are community-organized events held all around the world. For a weekend or so (the length depends on the specific event), you can spend time with hundreds or even thousands of other WordPress users, completely immersed in the platform and culture.If youve never attended a WordCamp, there’s no better time to start than right now. However, before signing up you may want to know a little about what to expect and how to prepare.What to expect from a WordCampThere are a lot of WordCamps – in fact, more are popping up all the time. Each one is a little different, depending on its location, organizers, budget, and attendee rate. There are large, elaborate events like WordCamp US and WordCamp Europe, as well as smaller, more modest gatherings. However, most WordCamps do have some things in common.In general, a WordCamp will last from one to three days. You’ll have to purchase a ticket, although the rates a re kept as reasonable as possible (the ticket prices are capped at a maximum of $25 per day).Before the event, its organizers will post a schedule so you know what’s happening and when. That way, you can plan your days accordingly:Here are some of the most common events offered during WordCamps:Presentations and talks. This is a large part of most WordCamps. Speakers will be brought in to discuss a wide range of topics, from technical developer-level issues to more general educational subjects. There’s a lot you can learn from these presentations, no matter what your expertise level is.Workshops. If you prefer a hands-on approach, there’s plenty of that on offer too. You’ll have the chance to attend practical workshops, which will again range from complex development practices to beginner-friendly tutorials.Networking and social events. Since WordCamps bring so many people together in one location, they’re the perfect opportunity to meet new friend s and do some networking. You can find potential clients, collaborators, employers, and more – either through structured events or simply by hanging out and chatting.The most important thing to understand about WordCamps is that theyre open to everyone. There are events and opportunities available for complete beginners and seasoned developers alike. So you don’t need to worry about getting in over your head. You can attend whatever presentations and workshops most interest you, and work your way up to the more advanced topics over time.How to find a local WordCampActually finding a WordCamp to attend is quite simple. There’s an entire website dedicated to collecting all these events and organizing information about them:On the Schedule page, you’ll see a list of all the WordCamps planned for the coming year. By clicking on each one, you’ll be taken to a dedicated website with information about the specific event. This usually includes a schedule, volunteer opportunities, a way to buy tickets, and so on:For instance, you’ll see that the upcoming WordCamp Europe 2019 will be held from June 20-22. By visiting the event website, you’ll see it’s happening in Berlin, Germany. And as the event gets closer, the team will add a detailed schedule for you to peruse.You can also keep an eye on local WordCamps right from your WordPress website. In your dashboard, you’ll find a widget called WordPress Events and News:By selecting the pencil icon next to the text Attend an upcoming event near you, you can tell this widget where you’re located. Thereafter, it will keep you updated on WordCamps and other significant WordPress events happening nearby.How to prepare for your first WordCampAttending a WordCamp is a pretty simple matter. You buy a ticket, show up, and participate in whatever you’d like. However, you can get more mileage out of your first WordCamp if you do a little preparation ahead of t ime.Some of this involves the obvious basics, such as finding a place to stay if the event lasts more than one day. However, you’ll also want to:Check out the schedule as soon as it’s available. This enables you to plan out what events you’d like to attend. You can still be flexible during the WordCamp itself, of course, but this way you won’t miss anything you’re interested in.Bring along a few essentials. This should include your laptop and whatever other devices you might need. Paper and pens will also come in handy for taking notes during presentations. Finally, if you’re a freelancer or business owner, don’t forget a generous stack of business cards for the networking events.Reach out to your existing contacts. If you work with other WordPress developers, website owners, or businesses, you may want to reach out and see if they’ll be attending the WordCamp as well. This is particularly pertinent if you know they’re l ocated nearby. WordCamps are a great chance to meet up with people you’ve only ever communicated with online.We have some more tips in our guide to last years WordCamp Europe. And you can also read our WordCamp Europe retrospectives from past years to get an idea of how everything works:201820172016It’s worth noting that once you have a WordCamp or two under your belt, you may want to get more involved. These are volunteer-organized and run events, after all. If you’re interested in helping out, you can check out each WordCamp’s individual site, or the community/outreach section of the Make WordPress website.ConclusionIf you want to learn more about WordPress or get involved in its community, attending a WordCamp is a great idea. These events are the perfect place for educational experiences, making new connections, and getting some practical advice.Fortunately, there are a lot of WordCamps happening every year, from big events like WordCamp Europe to sma ller local affairs. You can find information about each one on the dedicated website, and even get notifications in your WordPress dashboard. If you bring along a few basic supplies and an open mind, you’re sure to get a lot out of the experience.Are you thinking of attending a WordCamp event? Share your thoughts and questions with us in the comments section below! What is #WordCamp? Here's the answer, plus how you can get involved. #WordPress

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Consequentalist Theory Applied to the Practice of Interrogative Torture

Consequentalist Theory Applied to the Practice of Interrogative Torture Free Online Research Papers To many Americans, the word torture may conjure up images of the Dark Ages, with black hooded torturers applying their craft in dank, dark dungeons. If the practice is associated with modern times, it is assumed that it is something that only an under developed country would engage in. Unfortunately, this topic has become more relevant to our own society in recent years. It has become an issue that can impact national security. Since the attacks of September 11th, we have had to question just how far should we go to obtain intelligence about future attacks. Thesis We now have to decide if the use of torture is an acceptable means to obtain this information. If we decide that this is an appropriate path to take, then how can we apply the practice in a morally acceptable fashion? By relating different forms of moral thought to this debate, I hope to show that the use of torture to extract information from terrorists might be justified using a consequentalist form of moral thought. Background Although America had experienced terror incidents in the past, the attacks of September 11th heightened public awareness of the threat and underscored the need for preventative measures to be taken (Combs, 2003, p. 276). Prior to September 11th, the terrorist group al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for attacks against the World Trade Center in 1993, US embassies in Kenya and Nairobi in 1998 and the USS Cole in 2000 (Combs, 2003, p. 67). Post 9/11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in Bali and London established this organization’s vitality and only reinforced the fear that many Americans felt about the possibility of future attacks on our homeland. The terrorist organization al-Qaeda remains a real threat to national security. Members of al-Qaeda are extremely dedicated terrorists who launch meticulously planned attacks, resulting in high casualties (Combs, 2003, p. 56). Owing to the War on Terror, we now have several high ranking al-Qaeda officials in custody. Naturally we should interrogate them, to learn more about their organization and to uncover plans for future attacks. How far we should take our interrogation is the matter up for debate. Al-Qaeda operatives can be classified as â€Å"Crusader† terrorists (Combs, 2003, p. 52). The crusader often believes he is serving a higher cause through terror, and has low expectations of survival in his quest. Not surprisingly, this type of person does not voluntarily disclose information that he feels will derail the mission of his organization. The information that he is not divulging, such as plans for a future attack or the location of a terrorist cell, can indeed be life saving for hundreds if not thousands of American citizens if the proper authorities become aware of it. A more emergent situation is called the â€Å"Ticking Bomb† scenario (Kennedy, 2003, p. 8). In this scenario, a detained terrorist is believed to know the location of a bomb that will cause many injures and deaths if it is not defused. With an understanding of terrorist ideology, we can expect that he is not likely to answer any questions. Is it appropriate to apply some physical coercion once conventional interrogation has failed? By analyzing several different forms of moral thought in the paragraphs that follow, I hope to illuminate some issues surrounding this debate. By doing so, hopefully the answer to the question I posed above will become clearer. Ethical Considerations Deontology When we examine the morality of interrogatory torture from a deontology standpoint, we need to look at principles or obligations that are associated with the action. For example, some might feel that we are obligated to uphold human rights, no matter the circumstances. If that were the case, then we would declare interrogative torture to be immoral. Although there may be disagreement among deontologists about what is obligatory, in general deontology places a high value on respecting human rights (Casebeer, pg. 3). Immanuel Kant provides some guidance as to how we can best extend this respect to others through his â€Å"categorical imperative†, in which he states that you should â€Å"Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, as an end, and never as a means only†(Casebeer, 2003, p. 3). We should not use another person to further our own agenda. Clearly torture violates Kantian respect, because not only are we using that person, but we are also inflicting pain as we do so. Undoubtedly a deontologist, who holds respect for others as the principle by which they gauge moral decisions, would condemn this action. Since deontologists do not always agree on what is obligatory, it is possible for there to be more than one viewpoint on a single issue. It all depends on what the individual holds as obligatory. For instance, in his paper Can Interrogatory Torture Be Morally Legitimate?, Kennedy stated: â€Å"One of the most fundamental and solemn obligations of the rulers of a nation is to protect the innocent† (p. 9). This is interesting because it shifts the obligation to the rulers. If we believe this to be true, then as average citizens we are really more concerned with the end results of intelligence gathering that will protect us, and not in the means with which the intelligence was collected. Virtue Theory When we talk about virtue in ethics, we are really talking about how we live our lives, and how others perceive us as we go about doing so. It is a measure of character. Aristotle talked about how humans strive for eudemonia, which translates to flourishing or proper functioning, essentially living a good life (Casebeer, 2003, p. 5),. How humans attain this is by exhibiting human excellences, or virtues such as honesty, compassion and kindness. Vices, such as anger, vengeance and violence, are those character traits that detract from the fundamental goodness that virtue theorists envision. It is not surprising then, that a virtue theorist would not be reconciled to justify torture under any circumstances. As Jeff Jacoby wrote in The Boston Globe in 2005: Torture is never worth it. Some things we don’t do, not because they never work, not because they aren’t â€Å"deserved†, but because our very right to call ourselves decent human beings depends in part on our not doing them. Torture is in that category (p. 2) I agree with the emphasis of this statement. Torture is truly abhorrent. I do believe that there is harm in becoming a nation that practices torture. I admire virtue ethicists, who feel encourage us to strive for human excellence. However, I feel that human excellence is an endpoint that is reached over time. The events of 9/11 did distract us from that end, but that’s what terrorism is supposed to do; it terrorizes. We need to overcome that, and endeavor to achieve that excellence. At the same time, we need to make sure our nation is not attacked in this way again. It is imperative that we ensure the safety of our citizens. It would indeed be wonderful if we could resolve our differences in a peaceful way, because that would exemplify virtue theory and move us closer to attaining excellence. However, that is not the way al-Qaeda does things. As a group they are not interested in bringing about peaceful solutions to the problems they perceive. Justice Viewing the debate from a justice standpoint would look at the fairness of interrogative torture. To evaluate justice in this circumstance, we would look at libertarian justice, or how the fairness of an action is determined through honoring agreements. In his 2002 article in the Philadelphia Inquirer, Mark Bowden wrote this about torture: â€Å" it would violate the U.S. Constitution, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights†(p. 1). By not honoring these agreements, the United States is not acting in a just manner. However, two paragraphs later, Bowden quoted philosophy professor Michael Levin: Torturing the terrorist is unconstitutional? Probably. But millions of lives certainly outweigh constitutionality. Torture is barbaric? Mass murder is more barbaric. Indeed, letting millions of innocents die in deference to one who flaunts his guilt is moral cowardice, an unwillingness to dirty one’s hands (Bowden, 2002, p. 1). We can acknowledge that there is a libertarian justice argument against torture. However, this argument may be invalidated when viewed relative to the enormous loss of life associated with a terror attack that could have been prevented. Allowing an attack to occur because of reluctance to violate the rights of a terrorist is not fair to the intended victims. By maximizing fairness for a large number of innocent citizens, it can be said that we are practicing utilitarian justice. Consequentalist Thought Consequentalism examines, as the name implies, consequences that are associated with ethical decisions. A consequentalist will consider the results of their actions in terms of benefit versus harm. The ends justify the means. When decisions are made in this manner, the goal is to maximize benefit and minimize harm in the end. One tool that can be useful in the decision making process is the harm/benefit ratio. John Stuart Mill’s â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle† states that the right decision is the one that provides the greatest amount of happiness for all involved (Casebeer, 2003, p. 3). Happiness here can be interpreted as the presence of pleasure or the absence of pain. It is important to note that Mills was talking about everyone affected by the decision when he measures happiness. In the â€Å"Ticking Bomb† scenario, we would consider the happiness (or pain) felt by the terrorist. We would then apply these same measures to the intended victims. For example, if we fail to gain substantive information from our terrorist through interrogation, and choose to not pursue the information we seek with more force, the terrorist feels no pain. However, when the bomb goes off, that pain is borne by the victims, their families and even the Nation. By making the decision to not torture, we maximized pain for a large cohort of people, and maintained happiness for one. The result is a high harm/benefit ratio. Under consequentalist thought, this cannot be construed as ethical behavior. A high harm/benefit ratio also results if a terrorist who knows nothing beyond his individual role in the organization is tortured during interrogation. The harm to the detainee is high, and the benefit to society is negligible. This too is unethical by any standard. One way we can avoid the situation I described in the preceding paragraph is to adopt an act utilitarian policy toward interrogative torture. Act utility looks at specific situations, and determines what action would maximize happiness in that situation. Rule utilitarianism sets rule for maximizing happiness that can be applied to a broader scope of situations. Because they are crafting rules for a variety of circumstances, rule utilitarians tend to be more conservative and mindful of individual rights (Casebeer, 2003, p. 4). In our case, a rule utilitarian might make a rule that torture cannot be considered until thirty days of conventional interrogation have passed. This sounds like a fine rule, until you have a terrorist withholding information about a dirty bomb attack that is expected in seven days. To contrast, an act utilitarian would look at individual detainees during normal interrogation. If a determination is made that an act of torture would likely produce useful information in a given subject, then it can be justified. The timing, intensity and type of torture would be adapted to what is expected to work for the individual detainee. Interrogative torture regulated by act utilitarianism would torture the right people, for the right reasons, using the right method. It sounds barbaric, but if we are going to torture a detainee, we better get some results and demonstrate how those results saved lives. Consequentalists would also look at potential problems associated with interrogatory torture. One problem identified by Casebeer (2003) is the possibility that torture could be established as an institution (p. 4). In other words, to make torture effective, intelligence personnel would need to be trained in the proper administration of it. This could lead to research into the most efficient use of torture or textbooks about torture. Would we as a people want to be associated with such things? We can see that this consequence quickly becomes a matter of virtue. Consequentalists would also worry about the image the United States would present to the rest of the world by practicing torture. Would it make us seem less virtuous as a people? This concern is closely related to virtue arguments made against interrogative torture. While I do believe that this can dampen our image in the eyes of the world, we have to ask if our perceived image is worth more than real American lives that can be lost in a terrorist attack. In my opinion, there is nothing more important than protecting Americans from another terror attack. Conclusion One of the tragedies of terrorism is that we as a society now have to make decisions like this. Ultimately, we must balance out the harm torture does, to the good it can present in terms of saving lives from terrorist attacks. Harm not only comes to the terrorist, but also to the society that inflicts torture upon him. Likewise, harm from a terrorist attack is not only from the loss of human life. Everyone in a nation that is struck by terror becomes a victim. By realizing the true extent of the harm that is associated with a terror attack, it becomes more apparent that our government is obligated to prevent another such occurrence. As I reviewed different forms of moral thought in this paper, I identified how interrogative torture could be opposed from each viewpoint. I was able to counter these concerns by adopting a consequentalist stance. By applying consequentalist thought to the problem, it becomes clear that greater harm is risked by not meeting the aforementioned obligation. Understanding that al-Qaeda is not going to make it easy for us requires an act utilitarian policy of using torture in select cases, and only then applying just enough physical coercion to get the results we need. I agree with the virtue theorists that say permitting torture will prevent us from excelling as members of the human race. I think the times that we are living in will only assent to letting us be good enough. Bowden, Mark. (2002). Torture a necessarily evil tool in unlocking terrorist secrets. [Electronic version] Philadelphia Inquirer, N/A. Retrieved October 29, 2007, from Student Edition via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/itx/start.do?prodId=STOM. Casebeer, William. (2003, January). Torture Interrogation of Terrorists: A Theory of Exceptions (With Notes, Cautions and Warnings). Paper presented at the Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics. Retrieved October 28, 2007 from usafa.edu/isme/JSCOPE03/Casebeer03.html. Combs, Cindy. (2003). Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Jacoby, Jeff, (2005) Why not torture terrorists? [Electronic version] The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 28th, 2007 from boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/03/20/why_not_torture_terrorists/. Kennedy, Robert. (2003, January). Can Interrogatory Torture be Morally Legitimate? Paper presented at the Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics. Retrieved October 28, 2007 from usafa.edu/isme/JSCOPE03/Kennedy03.html. Research Papers on Consequentalist Theory Applied to the Practice of Interrogative TorturePETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is Art

Saturday, November 23, 2019

The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay Example

The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay Example The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay The Influences of Immigrant Cultures on American Cuisine Essay p. 9. Collins, G. (1997, January 9). With Mexican Food Tamed, Big Business Looks Abroad. New York Times. Retrieved from http://nytimes. com Garson, M. (2009, November 3). Tribal Elder, Dinee Navajo Nation. (T. J. Smith, Interviewer) Kolpas, N. (1982). The Gourmets Lexicon, 165. New York: G. P. Putnams Sons. Simone, J. (2009, May 27). As American as General Tsos Chicken. Campus Progress. Retrieved from htp://www. campusprogress. org Zender, J. (2009, November 12). Executive Chef. (T. J. Smith, Interviewer)

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Various factors that have influence in their business process Essay

Various factors that have influence in their business process - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the world of the 21st century exists in a highly competitive global environment, which is powered by tremendous growth and fast development. The emergence of the internet in the last couple of years along with the fact of the rapid development of various kinds of technological gadgets has resulted in the process of faster and better connectivity in the markets around the world. The author has rightly presented that the global connectivity has increasingly helped in connecting the markets around the world, and has successfully converted the globe into a single and well-connected entity. The present research has identified that it is of high importance to mention that the better levels of technology-powered connectivity are resulting in the successful diffusion of various global trends, which emerges from various markets around the world. Because of faster dispersion of the globalized trends, it can be said that the consumers are getting more and more aware of their needs and wants. The paper tells that it also has to be said that the better connectivity is helping the rapid dispersion of global trends from the well-established markets to the emerging markets, thereby creating the opportunity for development of consumer demands. This entire cycle of having an increase in consumer demand is having a direct impact on the part of the consumers in a circular manner.... The evolution and advancements in the field of communication technology has already played a major role in regards to the diffusion of various kinds of global trends to various developing and newly emerging markets. Because of this spill over effect of the trends of globalization, it can be said that the consumers of both the developed and developing regions and markets have started to become more and more demanding in nature. The emergence of new consumer demands is resulting in the process of evolution of new kinds of business opportunities. Discussing in connection to this, it can be said that various business organizations and entities are evolving from various corners of the world for the purpose of emergence of new market based opportunities. This is paving the way for the thriving and survival of a widely diversified nature of business organizations. Talking on these lines, it can be said that various kinds of business organizations exists in today’s business environmen t of highly competitive and dynamic nature. The organizations may be multinational, international, transnational or global in nature. Talking in more elaborate manner, about the various kinds of organizations, it can be said that multinational business organizations are organizations, whose various divisions and business processes are spread across multiple countries around the world. Experts of the business domain reveal that a key factor of conducting a multinational business is the fact that organization works along with its various subsidiaries on the basis of certain degrees of decentralization. Talking in specific terms, it can be said that the decision making power of the subsidiaries located in various nations and countries around the world are comparatively high. In